Class 1

Class 1

 CBSE Class1 Computer Science  Syllabus:

CBSE Class1 Computer Science:   

1. Computer -MyFriend
2. Computer-A Machine
3.Uses of a Computer
4.Parts of a Computer
5.The Keyboard
6. Using a Mouse
7.Fun with paint
8.Data and Memory
9.Storage in a Computer
10) Project work[Lab Practicals]


    Le:1 Computer -My Friend

From this chapter children will learn the introduction of computers.

• A for Apple B for Ball

C for ? now C for Computer

• Two types of computers are 1) Desktop Computer 2) Laptop Computer(Show the pictures of computers)

• now we can see computers in schools,shops,offices etc.....

Class Work:

Glossary:

1. Computer
2. Desktop
3. Laptop
4. Schools
5. Offices
6. Shops

Question And Answers:

1) Name the two types of a computers?

Ans: Desktop Computer,Laptop Computer.

2) Name two Places where you seen the computers?

Ans: Schools,Offices,Shops.

Activity Work:Ask the children to draw computer picture and colour it?

Le:2 Computer-A Machine

From this chapter children will learn the different types of machines that runs on fuel,human power and electricity.

By giving the examples like

Machine that runs on Fuel like car,motorbike,aeroplane

 

Machines that run on Human power like Rickshaw,byscle..

                                             

Machines That run on Electricity fan,washing machine,computer...

Now computer is an electronic machine which can do several work and it will run

with electricity.

Computer can do several things:

• It never makes mistakes.
• It never get tired
• it will store many things like numbers,letters,words.
• It will work very fast.

Class Work

Glossary:

1. Machine
2. Mistakes
3. tired
4. fast
5. numbers
6. pictures
7. orders
8. rickshaw
9. refrigerator
10. aeroplane

Question and Answers:

1. )Write name of any machine that works with electricity?

     A) Computer.

2. )Name the machine that work with human power?

    A) Rickshaw.

    3)Name the machine that can do many things?

    A) Computer.

Class 2

                                    Class 2

Syllabus:

1) Computer a Machine
2)Parts of a Computer
3) How does a computer Work
4) Operating a computer
5) The keyboard  and its functions
6) Handling a Mouse
7) Fun With Tux Math
8)Tux Typing
9)Fun with paint
10)Draw and colour Shapes
11) Tux Paint

Class 10

Unit :1       Basics Of Information Technology

• Internet
• Internet Services

Lesson 1: Internet

Network :A network is a group of computers which are connected each other with the help of cables or satellite to share information .

Internet: Internet is a network of networks which consists of inter-connected networks

History Of Internet: 

• The internet originated with the development of computers in 1950s to 1960s.
• In 1957 the US department of defense established Advanced Research Project Agency(ARPA).This agency facilitated the technical research.
• In 1969 ARPA designed a network of four computers to exchange and share their data.
• The first node to node message was sent from UCLA(University Of California) to SRI(Standford Research Institute). this network was called as ARPANET.
• In 1974 data was transmitted more efficiently with the development of TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
• in 1991 Tim Berners Lee developed WWW.
• In india during 1995 aug 15 th internet services are started through a government company VSNL(Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited).

Client -Server Approach:

Clients are the actual pc's(personal Computers)on which users run application.It carries client request to the server.

Servers are the powerful computers which provides services to the client.

Example:

How ATM Transactions  are done in banks
like every atm machine acts a client and the server is machine which gives response to our request.

The second approach is focus on concept from perspective of a network.

• Through internet we are sending and receving data correctly to desired destination.

• All the computers in network uses networking protocols

• protocol is a language to communicate the computers in network.The most common protocol on internet is TCP/IP.

The information that we send on internet broken into packets by TCP using packet switching.

1. A packet switching is a digital networking communication method that breaks the large data into blocks/packets.

   • IP is responsible to send these packets to right address by assigning sequence numbers. 

      During the transmission of data we have Repeaters to prevent data. Routers will manage the traffic on internet.

   Internet is also called as packet switching network. because it uses TCP/IP.

World Wide Web:

• It is a International community that develops standards to ensure the long term growth of web. 

• Tim Berners Lee is the founder of world wide web.and developed in the year 1991. It is a way of accessing information on internet.

•  HTTP protocol is used by web for transfer documents.

Features of WWW:

1) Availability of Content: The content available on web is 24*7. The information     available on internet we can get  any time.

2)Universal Standards: The web uses the common format for writing web content HTML and HTTP protocol for accessing web information.

3) Hyper Text and Hyper Links:  Hypertext are pointers to information it contains text,images,audio,video etc. Hyperlinks allows the web users to navigate from one page to another page.

4)Quick Search:The search engine on the web allows an easy and efficient search process for information.

5)Focus on Shared Interests: we can share our intrests to our people in different locations.we can exchange resources as well as ideas .

What is a Difference between  Internet and WWW?

• INTERNET is a global network it is an connection between millions of computers  together.Internet offers different services like chatting, Email,www etc to the users.

• WWW is a one of the service available on internet.

HTTP[Hypertext  Transfer Protocol]:

• It determines how different programs exchange data over the internet.

• Hypertext is a system in which different types of documents,files,such as images,sounds,text are linked to each other.

• The transaction from client to server takes place in three stages.

  1)The client opens a connection to webserver with webbrowser.

  2)Client sends request to server.

  3)Server replies back by sending desired data and headers.

  For example accessing a gmail account

  1) open the connection to gmail server by typing url http://www.gmail.com.

  2)we can enter our credentials like username and password.click on login the request is send to server.

  3) The server checks weather the request with username and password are correct or not.if it is correct then it open gmail account.if username and password is not matched it gives failure message.

  Web Server: 

  • webserver is a computer program which delivers the webcontent using http protocol over the www.

  • A virtual machine which runs the program of delivering webcontent.

    Features of Webserver:

    1) Virtual Hosting:

    Virtual hosting means a single IP address is used for hosting Multiple domain names.

    It allows machine to share memory,process etc.

    Shared webhosting is one of the popular application of virtual hosting.

    Uses of Virtual Hosting:

    •  Mostly used by corporate MNC's.and some large companies require this technology for their internal business purpose.

    2) Band Width Throttling:

    • Throttling is a mechanism which is used to restrict the flow of data by obstruction.

    • it is a method used to limit the quantity of data to be transmitted or accepted with in a specific interval of time.

    3) Large File Support:

    • A web server is capable of storing large information.

    • A 32 bit operating system is capable of storing 2 GB. hence most of the server they use 64 bit operating system because it stores files greater than 2Gb.

    Web Browser:

    A web browser is a software which is used to view websites.it is an interface between user and www.

    eg: Mozilla Firefox,Windows Internet explorer,opera,google chrome....etc

    Web terminology:

    HTML:

    HTML means Hyper Text Markup Language.which is used to create Web pages

    It displays text,graphics and hyperlinks to interact with other web pages.

    Web page:

      A Web page is written using HTML and stored in web server. It contains text,images,audio,video etc.

     Each web page is identified by a unique web address called URL [Uniform Resource Locator].

    Web Site:

    A Website is a collection of  related web pages.

    A web site is hosted on a web server on the www.Each site is owned and managed by individuals,company or organisation.

    Home Page:

    The first page of the website is called Homepage.it contains the main information of a website.

    Web Portal:

    A web portal is a web page which contains links to other websites.

    Web portal offers services like email,news,entertainment etc..

    eg: yahoo,google ,etc...

    Web Addressing System:

    IETF [Internet Engineering Task Force]  designed unique addressing system known as domain name.

    IP address [Number addressing system]:

    The IP address is unique addressing system.32bit numeric address containing a set of four numbers vary from 0 to 255

    eg:205.34.222.1,1.32.643.2

    Domain Naming System:

    It is unique name given to each website

    DNS is a system in which domain names are interpreted into IP addresses.

    The domain name consists of two parts:

    1) Domain name       2) Web extension

    Eg: Google.com

    here Google is Domain name and com is Web Extension.

    Some of the popular Domain name extensions are given below: